The Viper
T20I Debutant
- Joined
- Sep 19, 2018
- Runs
- 6,865
Chinese researchers have claimed that coronavirus originated in India, in the latest attempt by academics to pin blame for the pandemic outside their borders.
A team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences argues the virus likely originated in India in summer 2019 - jumping from animals to humans via contaminated water - before travelling unnoticed to Wuhan, where it was first detected.
But David Robertson, and expert from Glasgow University, called the paper 'very flawed' and concluded 'it adds nothing to our understanding of coronavirus'.
It is not the first time that Chinese authorities have pointed the finger of blame elsewhere - suggesting, largely without evidence, that both Italy and the US could be the site of the original infection.
And it comes against a backdrop of increased political tensions between India and China, with troops attacking each-other along a disputed border.
The WHO is currently looking for the source of coronavirus in China, while the body of scientific evidence suggests the disease originated there.
In their paper, the Chinese team use phylogenetic analysis - a study of how a virus mutates - to attempt to trace the origins of Covid-19.
Viruses, like all cells, mutate as they reproduce, meaning tiny changes occur in their DNA each time they replicate themselves.
China's official timeline vs The new evidence
Official timeline
Dec 8 - Earliest date that China has acknowledged an infection
Dec 31 - China first reported 'pneumonia of unknown cause' to the World Health Organisation
Jan 1 - Wuhan seafood market closed for disinfection
Jan 11 - China reported its first death
Jan 23 - Wuhan locked down
Jan 31 - WHO declared 'outbreak of international concern' as China admitted having thousands of cases
Feb 23 - Italy reports cluster of cases in first major outbreak not linked to travellers from China
New evidence
Sep - Blood samples taken in Milan found to contain Covid antibodies
Oct-Dec - Hundreds of 'pneumonia' cases near Milan may be linked to virus, and scientists are investigating
Nov - Sewage samples taken in Florianópolis, Brazil, suggest virus was present and are being investigated
Nov 17 - Leaked documents suggest case detected in China on this date
Dec 1 - Chinese researchers report an infection on this date in a peer-reviewed study, but it has not been acknowledged by Beijing
Dec 18 - Sewage samples taken in Milan and Turin suggest virus was circulating in the cities
Jan 2020 - Sewage samples from Barcelona suggest virus was in the city
The scientists argue that it should therefore be possible to track down the original version of the virus by finding the sample with the fewest mutations.
They say that using this method rules out the virus found in Wuhan as the 'original' virus, and instead points to eight other countries: Bangladesh, the USA, Greece, Australia, India, Italy, Czech Republic, Russia or Serbia.
Researchers go on to argue that because India and Bangladesh both recorded samples with low mutations and are geographic neighbours, it is likely that the first transmission occurred there.
By estimating the amount of time it takes for the virus to mutate once, and comparing that to the samples taken there, they also theorise that the virus first emerged there in July or August 2019.
They go on to say: 'From May to June 2019, the second longest recorded heat wave had rampaged in northern-central India and Pakistan, which created a serious water crisis in this region.
'The water shortage made wild animals such as monkeys engage in the deadly fight over water among each other and would have surely increased the chance of human-wild animal interactions.
'We speculated that the [animal to human] transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be associated with this unusual heat wave.'
Researchers further argue that India's poor healthcare system and young population - who suffer less severe symptoms of Covid - allowed the virus to spread undetected for several months.
They speculate that the virus could have spread to the other countries on their list before coming to China, possibly via Europe.
'In this regard, the COVID-19 pandemic is inevitable and the Wuhan epidemic is only a part of it,' they conclude.
However, other researchers were not impressed with the findings.
In a statement to Mail Online, Professor Robertson said: 'The author's approach of identifying the “least mutated” virus sequences is... inherently biased.
'The authors have also ignored the extensive epidemiological data available that shows clear emergence in China and that the virus spread from there.
'This paper adds nothing to our understanding of SARS-CoV-2.'
Marc Suchard, an expert from the University of California, told the South China Morning Post: 'Picking the viral sequence that appears to have the least number of differences to the others in an arbitrary collection is unlikely to yield the progenitor.'
Another UK-based researcher told Mail Online that the study contains 'big claims' and that he is 'skeptical' of the findings.
Coroanvirus first emerged in China in December 2019, linked to a cluster of cases of 'pneumonia of unknown origin' at a seafood market in the city.
It then spread across China before making its way to other countires, mostly via toursits, where it spread rapidly and caused a pandemic.
But nobody has been able to identify 'patient zero' the first person known to have caught the disease, which means we do not known when or where exactly the first infection occurred.
That has led rise to intense speculation and founded many conspiracy theories, none of which have so far been substantiated.
The World Health Organisation, under pressure because of its own response to the pandemic, has sent a 10-person team to China to investigate.
While the team admit it is possible that the virus originated outside of the country, their initial searches are all focused within China's borders.
The UN agency has tried to temper expectations ahead of the investigation, warning that tracking any new pathogen is a 'riddle that can take years to solve'.
It took more than a year for scientists to prove MERS, another coronavirus, originated in camels in Saudi Arabia, and even longer to trace the original SARS back to bats in a cave in southern China.
The Chinese paper was also published shortly before the WHO released the details of scientists leading the probe in China.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar...IA-summer-2019.html?__twitter_impression=true
A team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences argues the virus likely originated in India in summer 2019 - jumping from animals to humans via contaminated water - before travelling unnoticed to Wuhan, where it was first detected.
But David Robertson, and expert from Glasgow University, called the paper 'very flawed' and concluded 'it adds nothing to our understanding of coronavirus'.
It is not the first time that Chinese authorities have pointed the finger of blame elsewhere - suggesting, largely without evidence, that both Italy and the US could be the site of the original infection.
And it comes against a backdrop of increased political tensions between India and China, with troops attacking each-other along a disputed border.
The WHO is currently looking for the source of coronavirus in China, while the body of scientific evidence suggests the disease originated there.
In their paper, the Chinese team use phylogenetic analysis - a study of how a virus mutates - to attempt to trace the origins of Covid-19.
Viruses, like all cells, mutate as they reproduce, meaning tiny changes occur in their DNA each time they replicate themselves.
China's official timeline vs The new evidence
Official timeline
Dec 8 - Earliest date that China has acknowledged an infection
Dec 31 - China first reported 'pneumonia of unknown cause' to the World Health Organisation
Jan 1 - Wuhan seafood market closed for disinfection
Jan 11 - China reported its first death
Jan 23 - Wuhan locked down
Jan 31 - WHO declared 'outbreak of international concern' as China admitted having thousands of cases
Feb 23 - Italy reports cluster of cases in first major outbreak not linked to travellers from China
New evidence
Sep - Blood samples taken in Milan found to contain Covid antibodies
Oct-Dec - Hundreds of 'pneumonia' cases near Milan may be linked to virus, and scientists are investigating
Nov - Sewage samples taken in Florianópolis, Brazil, suggest virus was present and are being investigated
Nov 17 - Leaked documents suggest case detected in China on this date
Dec 1 - Chinese researchers report an infection on this date in a peer-reviewed study, but it has not been acknowledged by Beijing
Dec 18 - Sewage samples taken in Milan and Turin suggest virus was circulating in the cities
Jan 2020 - Sewage samples from Barcelona suggest virus was in the city
The scientists argue that it should therefore be possible to track down the original version of the virus by finding the sample with the fewest mutations.
They say that using this method rules out the virus found in Wuhan as the 'original' virus, and instead points to eight other countries: Bangladesh, the USA, Greece, Australia, India, Italy, Czech Republic, Russia or Serbia.
Researchers go on to argue that because India and Bangladesh both recorded samples with low mutations and are geographic neighbours, it is likely that the first transmission occurred there.
By estimating the amount of time it takes for the virus to mutate once, and comparing that to the samples taken there, they also theorise that the virus first emerged there in July or August 2019.
They go on to say: 'From May to June 2019, the second longest recorded heat wave had rampaged in northern-central India and Pakistan, which created a serious water crisis in this region.
'The water shortage made wild animals such as monkeys engage in the deadly fight over water among each other and would have surely increased the chance of human-wild animal interactions.
'We speculated that the [animal to human] transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be associated with this unusual heat wave.'
Researchers further argue that India's poor healthcare system and young population - who suffer less severe symptoms of Covid - allowed the virus to spread undetected for several months.
They speculate that the virus could have spread to the other countries on their list before coming to China, possibly via Europe.
'In this regard, the COVID-19 pandemic is inevitable and the Wuhan epidemic is only a part of it,' they conclude.
However, other researchers were not impressed with the findings.
In a statement to Mail Online, Professor Robertson said: 'The author's approach of identifying the “least mutated” virus sequences is... inherently biased.
'The authors have also ignored the extensive epidemiological data available that shows clear emergence in China and that the virus spread from there.
'This paper adds nothing to our understanding of SARS-CoV-2.'
Marc Suchard, an expert from the University of California, told the South China Morning Post: 'Picking the viral sequence that appears to have the least number of differences to the others in an arbitrary collection is unlikely to yield the progenitor.'
Another UK-based researcher told Mail Online that the study contains 'big claims' and that he is 'skeptical' of the findings.
Coroanvirus first emerged in China in December 2019, linked to a cluster of cases of 'pneumonia of unknown origin' at a seafood market in the city.
It then spread across China before making its way to other countires, mostly via toursits, where it spread rapidly and caused a pandemic.
But nobody has been able to identify 'patient zero' the first person known to have caught the disease, which means we do not known when or where exactly the first infection occurred.
That has led rise to intense speculation and founded many conspiracy theories, none of which have so far been substantiated.
The World Health Organisation, under pressure because of its own response to the pandemic, has sent a 10-person team to China to investigate.
While the team admit it is possible that the virus originated outside of the country, their initial searches are all focused within China's borders.
The UN agency has tried to temper expectations ahead of the investigation, warning that tracking any new pathogen is a 'riddle that can take years to solve'.
It took more than a year for scientists to prove MERS, another coronavirus, originated in camels in Saudi Arabia, and even longer to trace the original SARS back to bats in a cave in southern China.
The Chinese paper was also published shortly before the WHO released the details of scientists leading the probe in China.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar...IA-summer-2019.html?__twitter_impression=true
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