I think this might've happened, Total speculation below:
1) Sharjeel (during when he wasn't part of Pakistan XI) is introduced to a Shady Spot fixing Individual.
2) Said shady person Asks him for a 'favor' in exchange for some benefit during a low key event.
3) This goes on for a while
4) Sharjeel Performs in PSL1 & starts making the rounds in Intl cricket and also for the national team. UK county picks him up as well etc etc
5) The shady person now wants a bigger piece of the pie after seeing all this escalation. Asks Sharjeel to introduce more people.
5) Sharjeel disagrees as this could end his career (if caught), gets threatened (that whole fiasco) and gives in later by introducing fellow colleagues.
6) Fellow colleagues listen patiently, some refuse while others show interest.
7) The circuit now becomes a bit bigger and more people are involved and are aware of this.
8) Somebody opens his mouth and PCB get a sniff of things!
9) PCB use their connections to observe a 'fix' during that PSL game and now have a working scenario to prosecute.
10) Players are suspended, PCB starts their investigation on the matter, working their way right to the bottom of this (The committee uses PR, personal player-management links etc etc) I know people might say this was a totally wrong method of handling things but what can you expect from PCB

11) Somebody (fellow colleague) cracks under pressure and spills everything to the committee.
12) PCB double confirm the story from others, offering them little bans, in exchange of double checking the entire story.
13) Once PCB gets the whole thing from multiple sources they hand out the ban. The only thing they can't prove is that 2 dot balls since it's nearly impossible to quantify if there was any malicious intent in the way Sharjeel played those.
Now does the Ban make sense on Sharjeel, damn right it does!! I'll go on and say that he litereally got off easy as any other sensible board would've banned him for life! In my book the above scenario looks extremely guilt.