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Israel becomes first country to formally recognize Somaliland as independent state

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Israel became the first country to formally recognize the self-declared Republic of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state on Friday – a decision that could reshape regional dynamics and test Somalia’s longstanding opposition to secession.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel would seek immediate cooperation with Somaliland in agriculture, health, technology and the economy. In a statement, he congratulated Somaliland’s president, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, praised his leadership and invited him to visit Israel.

Netanyahu said the declaration “is in the spirit of the Abraham Accords, signed at the initiative of President Trump.”

The 2020 accords were brokered by Trump’s first administration and included Israel formalizing diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, with other countries joining later.


Netanyahu, Foreign Minister Gideon Saar and Somaliland’s president signed a joint declaration of mutual recognition, the Israeli statement said.

Abdullahi said in a statement that Somaliland would join the Abraham Accords, calling it a step toward regional and global peace. He said Somaliland was committed to building partnerships, boosting mutual prosperity and promoting stability across the Middle East and Africa.

But Somalia’s government condemned Israel’s move as an “unlawful step” and a “deliberate attack” on its sovereignty, rejecting any recognition of Somaliland, according to a statement from the prime minister’s office.

“The federal government affirms its determination to pursue all necessary diplomatic, political, and legal measures, in accordance with international law, to defend its sovereignty, unity, and internationally recognized borders,” the statement said.

The ministers condemned Israel’s recognition of Somaliland, reaffirmed their full support for Somalia’s unity and territorial integrity, and warned that recognizing breakaway regions posed a threat to international peace and security, Egypt’s foreign ministry said.


The African Union also rejected any recognition of Somaliland, reaffirming its “unwavering commitment” to Somalia’s unity and territorial integrity and warning that such moves risked undermining peace and stability across the continent, the AU Commission chair said.

Somaliland has enjoyed effective autonomy – and relative peace and stability – since 1991 when Somalia descended into civil war, but the breakaway region has failed to receive recognition from any other country.

Over the years, Somalia has rallied international actors against any country recognizing Somaliland.

The former British protectorate hopes that recognition by Israel will encourage other nations to follow suit, increasing its diplomatic heft and access to international markets.

In March, Somalia and Somaliland denied receiving any proposal from the United States or Israel to resettle Palestinians from Gaza, with Mogadishu saying it categorically rejected any such move.

 
Diplomatic chess being played.


Somaliland sits in the northwest of what the world officially calls Somalia. It used to be a British protectorate, briefly independent in 1960, then voluntarily joined Italian Somalia. That marriage collapsed into catastrophe. After Somalia’s civil war erupted in 1991, Somaliland walked away, rebuilt its own institutions, and has functioned as a de-facto independent state ever since.

No international recognition. But also no anarchy.

It has:
• Its own government, constitution, currency, army
• Regular elections and peaceful transfers of power
• Relative stability compared to southern Somalia

In Horn of Africa terms, that already makes it an outlier.

Why Somaliland matters geopolitically

This is where the chessboard lights up.

1. Location, location, location
Somaliland hugs the Gulf of Aden, right along one of the busiest shipping lanes on Earth. About 10–12% of global trade and a huge chunk of oil traffic passes nearby, especially through the Bab el-Mandeb strait.

Anyone who influences Somaliland gets a front-row seat to:
• Red Sea shipping
• Suez Canal access
• Middle East–Africa trade routes

That’s catnip for global and regional powers.

2. The Berbera Port
Berbera is Somaliland’s crown jewel.
• UAE’s DP World invested hundreds of millions of dollars here
• It’s being developed as a major port and logistics hub
• It offers Ethiopia (landlocked, 120+ million people) an alternative to Djibouti

Ports are power. Ports decide who eats when supply chains choke.

3. Military interest
The UAE has used Berbera as a military and logistics base, especially during the Yemen conflict. Western powers quietly value Somaliland’s stability for counter-piracy and counter-terrorism operations.

No flags raised. No recognition granted. But plenty of quiet cooperation.

The politics behind non-recognition

Here’s the paradox.

Somaliland checks most boxes for statehood, yet remains unrecognized because:

1. Fear of precedent
Recognizing Somaliland could:
• Encourage other secessionist movements in Africa
• Reignite border disputes frozen since colonial times

The African Union prefers imperfect unity over tidy breakups.

2. Somalia’s sovereignty claim
The internationally recognized Somali government insists Somaliland is part of Somalia. Many countries support Mogadishu to avoid further fragmentation, even if the reality on the ground says otherwise.

3. Global convenience
Somaliland is useful without being acknowledged.
• You can trade with it
• Use its ports
• Cooperate on security
…all while officially pretending it doesn’t exist

Recognition would force formal treaties, embassies, and obligations. Ambiguity is cheaper.

Why this matters going forward

The Horn of Africa is heating up.
• Red Sea militarization
• Ethiopia seeking sea access
• China, US, Gulf states all circling
• Israel–Iran shadow conflicts nearby

In this environment, stable, port-controlling entities become leverage points. Somaliland knows this. It plays the long game, building facts on the ground and waiting for the moment when recognition becomes less risky than denial.

Think of Somaliland as a state standing in a tailored suit outside a diplomatic club. Everyone talks to it. Some do business with it. No one wants to be the first to let it in. Yet.
 
Countries that SUPPORT Somaliland (informally / de-facto)
• Ethiopia
• United Arab Emirates
• Taiwan
• United Kingdom
• United States

Countries that OPPOSE Somaliland (support Somalia’s territorial integrity)
• Somalia
• China
• Turkey
• Egypt
• African Union (collective position)
• Arab League (collective position)
• Russia
 
Somaliland are going about seeking recognition from the most antagonistic of places.
 
Obviously everyone knows I’m no fan of Israel, and this recognition of Somaliland is for Israel’s own benefit and not because it cares for the people of Somaliland, however, can someone explain why they shouldn’t be recognised as an independent nation? They have been operating independently for the last few decades and are more stable than Somalia. Also, their own people favour independence as shown by poll results. What exactly is the issue here?
 
As usual, India keeping holding its cards tight and not giving in to FOMO.

PM Modi is a mature, astute and seasoned diplomat.
 
Israel’s recognition of ‘Somaliland’ an act of ‘political aggression’, says Dar at OIC moot

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar said on Sunday that Pakistan believed the recognition of the so-called “Somaliland” as an independent state by Israel was an act of “political aggression that sets a perilous precedent, threatening peace and security in the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea region, and beyond”.

Dar said this while addressing the extraordinary session of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation’s Council of Foreign Ministers in Saudi Arabia.

His statement follows a joint statement by the OIC, which initiated its 22nd extraordinary session in Jeddah on Saturday. The moot has been convened against the backdrop of Israel recognising Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state, with Somaliland’s president, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, saying his state will join the Abraham Accords.

Later, Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar visited Somaliland, condemned by Somalia as an “unauthorised incursion”.

Dar expressed Pakistan’s “unwavering support for the sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia” in his address today.

“We strongly condemn the illegal and unlawful recognition by Israel of the Somaliland region of the Federal Republic of Somalia and the subsequent unwarranted and highly provocative visit of its foreign minister to Somaliland,” he said.

He added that Pakistan also voiced its firm support for Somalia and condemned Israel’s actions during the UN Security Council’s briefing on the issue.

“We identify this development as a direct assault on Somalia’s internationally recognised borders, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law,” Dar said.

“The principle of state sovereignty and territorial integrity constitutes a peremptory norm of international law from which no deviation or derogation is permitted.”

Dar called the internationally-recognised borders of Somalia “sacrosanct and inviolable” and said that the Somaliland region remained an “integral, inseparable and inalienable part of Somalia”.

“No external actor has either the legal standing or the moral authority to alter that fundamental reality,” he said. “Any act, statement or recognition thereof by a state or an external entity regarding any part of the Federal Republic of Somalia should therefore be considered null and void, producing no political or legal effects.”

He added, “We believe that such recognition of an integral part of a sovereign state is not a diplomatic act, but an act of political aggression that sets a perilous precedent, threatening peace and security in the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea region, and beyond.”

The foreign minister added that Pakistan joined the group of OIC countries in “unequivocally rejecting the unlawful Israeli move” through the joint statement released in the immediate aftermath of the supposed Israeli recognition of ‘Somaliland’.

The joint statement termed the recognition of ‘parts of states’ a violation of the cardinal principles of international law and the UN Charter and noted the Israeli action’s potential “serious repercussions” for the Horn of Africa region, the Red Sea region and for international security as a whole, he said.

“The OIC and the wider international community’s firm rejection of this unlawful overture by Israel is, therefore, vital so that the impudent Israeli act does not set a precedent for other countries,” Dar added.

He said that the developments in the region were “particularly alarming at a time when Somalia is demonstrating encouraging and tangible progress on its political and institutional trajectory”, pointing out that the Federal Republic of Somalia had made notable strides in national reconciliation, constitutional reform and the revitalisation of state institutions.

“Positive trends in the financial sector, particularly the efforts related to economic legislation and the move towards an inclusive one-person-one-vote election, represent important steps towards consolidating Somalian democracy and stability,” he added.

“These gains reflect a Somali-owned and Somali-led path towards political reconciliation and cooperation,” he said.

“This positive momentum must be protected and reinforced, not sabotaged and undermined by actions that risk fragmenting the country and reversing hard-earned progress across the entire milieu of national indicators.”

In addition, he said that Pakistan also recognised the sacrifices and resilience of the Somali people and its security forces in thwarting the consistent threat posed by Al-Shabab and its affiliates.

“Israel’s brazen recklessness undermines regional and international efforts aimed at combating terrorism in a region beset with this challenge.

“It also opens the door to the creation of fragile environments susceptible to infiltration and exploitation by extremist groups, thereby negatively impacting regional and global security,” the foreign minister said, adding that in this context, continued support for Somalia’s security and stabilisation efforts remained “indispensable”.

“At this pivotal juncture, when Somalia is focused on defeating extremism, any action that deflects attention, weakens cohesion or fuels division is profoundly irresponsible,” Dar said.

He said that Pakistan fully aligned itself with the OIC’s call “for all states and organisations to refrain from any form of formal, semi-formal, or informal engagement with the authorities of Somaliland”, and to ensure that any engagement strictly respected the sovereignty and unity of Somalia.

“Pakistan categorically rejects any proposal or plan aimed at the forced displacement of Palestinians and linkages of Somaliland region of Federal Republic of Somalia with any such illegal action,” he added.

“Any action that advocates or implies the displacement or relocation of Palestinians not only violates international law but also undermines the prospect of a just and lasting peace in the region.”

He reaffirmed Pakistan’s steadfast support for the Palestinian people in their legitimate struggle for self-determination, saying that the only path to lasting peace and stability lay in the realisation of an “independent, contiguous and sovereign” state of Palestine based on pre-1967 borders and with Al-Quds Al Sharif as its capital.

Dar added that as a “frontline supporter” of the UNSCR 2803 and the “Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict”, Pakistan reiterated the intention to contribute to its successful implementation thereof, with a view to ensuring the sustainability of the ceasefire, bringing an end to the conflict in Gaza, to secure a “dignified life” for the Palestinian people who had endured prolonged humanitarian suffering, and leading to a credible pathway to Palestinian self-determination and statehood.

“As a non-permanent member of the UNSC, Pakistan will continue to work with the OIC and Arab partners to mobilise global support for the Palestinian right to self-determination, justice and peace,” he said.

On the topic of India-occupied Kashmir, the foreign minister said that the unresolved dispute remained the “primary source of conflict in South Asia and a nuclear flash point”.

He stressed the urgent need for renewed and concerted efforts under the UN auspices to secure a “just, lasting, and peaceful resolution of the dispute“, in accordance with the relevant UNSC resolutions and the aspirations of the Kashmiri people.

Dar also appreciated the “strong, unwavering and consistent support that the OIC has always afforded to our Kashmiri brothers and sisters”. Nevertheless, he urged the OIC to step up its efforts to support a just resolution of the dispute.

Dar called upon the OIC and the broader international community to “speak with one voice” and firmly reject all actions that undermined Somalia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.

“This meeting today is a resounding manifestation of our collective solidarity with Somalia against a blatant transgression of its sovereignty by a decidedly un-conscientious actor,” he said.

“On our part, Pakistan remains resolutely committed to standing with the government and people of Somalia as the country continues its advances towards continued peace and progress.”

 
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