11 years back when BD announced themselves with 2 stunnings wins in 2007 world cup everyone thought they turned it around. They were put in place by India in the following series. We all gave them benefit of doubt as it was an young inexperienced unit. Majority of the guys who played in those matches are still they key players for BD. Rahim, Shakib, Mahamadulla, Tamim. If these guys leave they are toasted. But even with them they are losing now. There are some promising guys like Shabbir, Mominul. But they still depend on their 2007 magic team. Check most of the other international teams since 2007 world cup. They have moved far and away.
I understand your point, and it's a concern indeed; but you have to see it from other end as well.
In 2007, BD was new in cricket without any infrastructure or system - we had two options, keep picking seasoned cricketers from Dhaka league or start from scratch. Dav joined BD in 2003 and he started to rebuild the team - due to lack of player pools, he literally picked kids from school cricket and started to groom them. To his support, BD U19 team of 2004 & 2006 had several good kids as well.
What you are saying (same players from 2007) are only because these players were picked at 16/17/18 and they had a head start. If cricket was established by then, these players would have taken at least 2-4 more years to break into national team. Take the example of Anamul & Anik - both of them were highest scorer for 2012 & 2014 U19 WC - Anik still hasn't played for BD, 10 years back, by now he would have been veteran.
Also, since they started early, it looks like Tamim & Shakib ... are there for eternity and none to replace them. But truth is, these players are still in their late 20s/early 30s - they are actually at their prime age now. Tamim is 29, Shakib & Mushi 31, Mahmud 32, even had he not messed up, Ashraful is just about 34-35 now - these players do have at least another 3 to 5 best years left in them. Most of their contemporaries have left not because there are no alternatives, rather they started too early. For a player of the caliber of Kohli, he debuted in ODI in 2008 and Test in mid 2011 - similar age, by then Tamim was 5 years veteran and a Wisden cricketer of the year (He is actually 6 months younger). It took Mike Hussey to reach 31 before his debut and he left at 38 ........
But yes, our system has to develop players to phase out aging stars - if we can't do that, cricket would be stuck to a level and won't move up.