Time for Pakistan to follow suit
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Russia recognises the Taliban: Which other countries may follow?
From China to Iran, several countries have already been engaging with the Taliban. Experts say they could be next.
This handout photograph taken on July 3, 2025 and released by Afghanistan's Ministry of foreign Affairs shows Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi (R) shaking hands with Russia’s ambassador to Afghanistan Dmitry Zhirnov during their meeting at the foreign ministry in Kabul.
Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi, right, shakes hands with Russia’s ambassador to Afghanistan Dmitry Zhirnov during their meeting at the Foreign Ministry in Kabul [File: Handout: Afghanistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs via AFP]
Russia has become the first country to accept the Taliban government in Afghanistan since the group took power in 2021, building on years of quieter engagement and marking a dramatic about-turn from the deep hostilities that marked their ties during the group’s first stint in power.
Since the Taliban stormed Kabul in August four years ago, taking over from the government of then-President Ashraf Ghani, several nations – including some that have historically viewed the group as enemies – have reached out to them. Yet until Thursday, no one has formally recognised the Taliban.
So what exactly did Russia do, and will Moscow’s move pave the way for others to also start full-fledged diplomatic relations with the Taliban?
What did Russia say?
The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement saying that Moscow’s recognition of the Taliban government will pave the way for bilateral cooperation with Afghanistan.
“We believe that the act of official recognition of the government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan will give impetus to the development of productive bilateral cooperation between our countries in various fields,” the statement said.
The Foreign Ministry said it would seek cooperation in energy, transport, agriculture and infrastructure.
How did the Taliban respond?
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs wrote in an X post on Thursday that Russian ambassador to Kabul Dmitry Zhirnov met Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and conveyed the Kremlin’s decision to recognise the Taliban government in Afghanistan.
Muttaqi said in a video posted on X: “We value this courageous step taken by Russia, and, God willing, it will serve as an example for others as well.”
What is the history between Russia and Afghanistan?
In 1979, troops from the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to establish a communist government. This triggered a 10-year war with the Afghan mujahideen fighters backed by US forces. About 15,000 Soviet soldiers died in this war.
In 1992, after rockets launched by rebel groups hit the Russian embassy in Kabul, Moscow closed its diplomatic mission to Afghanistan.
The Russian-backed former president, Mohammad Najibullah, who had been seeking refuge in a United Nations compound in Kabul since 1992, was killed by the Taliban in 1996, when the group first came to power.
During the late 1990s, Russia backed anti-Taliban forces in Afghanistan, including the Northern Alliance led by former mujahideen commander Ahmad Shah Massoud.
Then, on September 11, 2001, suicide attackers, affiliated with the armed group al-Qaeda, seized United States passenger planes and crashed into two skyscrapers in New York City, killing nearly 3,000 people. This triggered the so-called “war on terror” by then-US President George W Bush.
In the aftermath of the attack, Russian President Vladimir Putin was one of the first foreign leaders to call Bush and express his sympathy and pledge support. Putin provided the US with assistance to attack Afghanistan. Russia cooperated with the US by sharing intelligence, opening Russian airspace for US flights and collaborating with Russia’s Central Asian allies to establish bases and provide airspace access to flights from the US.
In 2003, after the Taliban had been ousted from power by the US-led coalition, Russia designated the group as a terrorist movement.
From China to Iran, several countries have already been engaging with the Taliban. Experts say they could be next.
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