There is an option in the Anti-Racism code for the case to be resolved through a process of conciliation but the ICC determined not to take it through that.
In 2016, Cricket Namibia had lodged a complaint under the code against Afghanistan. That was resolved through a conciliator.
"Under the Anti-racism code Sarfraz had the option of accepting the charge but disputing the sanction, which he hasn't exercised. The PCB may be disappointed but they are not challenging the decision."
The PCB is believed to have offered to step down Sarfraz for at least a couple of games voluntarily, as well as donating his match fees from games to suitable causes - under the Anti-Racism code, such an offer is acceptable if a conciliator is being used. That offer was rejected by the ICC.
The PCB's disappointment is understood to emanate from this, that they effectively went through the procedures of a conciliation with CSA - albeit without an ICC conciliator - in the public and private apologies, as well as this voluntary suspension offer, and yet still had a sanction imposed upon Sarfraz by the ICC.
But there is also the question of why, if the ICC was determined to sanction Sarfraz, it took them close to five days to do so - days within which, publicly at least, it seemed as if an amicable resolution was being reached.