[MENTION=131701]Mamoon[/MENTION] Jalal's historiography on Mr. Jinnah has been moderated by more recent scholarship (Faisal Devji's take is interesting, even if not totally conclusive). The Pakistan Movement wasn't "Jinnah-centric", it was based on communal brand of politics which go back to the mid-19th century, even if for contingent reasons Mr. Jinnah came to embody such ideals : his own life, from a secular lawyer who was the poster-boy of "Hindu-Muslim unity" (as famous independence activist Saroji Naidu hailed him) as well as being the favorite of Pandit Tilak (the one who launched the swaraj or self-rule movement motto, popularized by Gandhi later on), to a cultural Muslim activist is in fact symptomatic of the larger Muslim intelligentsia (in a way, Mawdudi's biography isn't that far).
I already advised you to read Perry Anderson's "The Indian ideology" who shows how Hindu the so called secular leadership (esp. Gandhi) really was,Mr. Jinnah being a sort of reaction, and you didn't need to be Nostradamus to guess what would happen in a matter of decades, when the Hindu masses would be empowered and would ask for a more legitimate electoral representation (the likes of Nehru not being representative of anything but themselves).
You say that education and/or functional literacy would erase the Hindu-Muslim differences, while ignoring that it's exactly the rise of an urbane middle-class which is "educated" that creates "Hindu nationalists" and "Islamists", as these groups try to self-assess their identity with modern tropes but without being modernists.
Your idea of "United States of India" is a fantasy, like Victor Hugo used to talk of "les Etats-Unis d'Europe" : the same way Europe is not an ethnic whole but a set of nations with diverging interests and centrifugal visions, in the same way India (or Pakistan) is not an homogeneous nation in the 19th romantic European sense, but an "idea". If there was no Pakistan to "polarize" the issue, Sardar Patel wouldn't have convinced +500 princely states to join an Union, and many of the actual Indian states would have probably decided to become a nation, with at best only a loose federation but that wouldn't be "India" in the actual sense, then. The US is different because it was a wholly "virgin" experience, with something mystical (Gilbert Seldes has a good book, "The Stammering Century"), and peoples migrated there from the lower classes of Europe, and a century before the idea of "nation" - they could mold a national fabric of their own, first on WASP domination and later on on the "American dream". It's something more concrete than "Indian-ness", which is in other more honest words, "Hindu-ness".
[MENTION=27435]Zahid87[/MENTION] it's too easy to blame the British. Shivaji talked of "hindavi swarajya", meaning independence from foreign rule, that is, Islamic rule, way before any English - back then Hindus didn't care about the ethnicity of the ruler, and even in the modern Hindutvadi rhetoric, Bin Qasim, Mahmud of Ghazni or Babur are all the same, "Muslim conquerors", there are no anthropological subtleties thrown in there. The very first to put forward the idea of Pakistan was the independence leader (so, against the British) Lala Lajpat Rai (we're not talking of Savarkar, but someone somehow "consensual").
The Two Nation Theory is somehow ingrained in both Islam and Hinduism and their concept of the "Other" as ritually and/or spiritually impure, unless Muslims can do without Qur'an and Hindus don't consider the Manu-smriti to be genuine.
[MENTION=253]the Great Khan[/MENTION] we might eat their god but even without that a Muslim with a minimum of iman knows that you can't make friends out of pagans & polytheists, and in fact Hindus themselves consider non Hindus to be mlecchas or "impure" (they can't even touch Dalits).
It's not even a question India/Pakistan but Hinduism/Islam at the end of the day.