rpant_gabba
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I can copy and paste tooHere is your scientific proof View attachment 153527
The universe is still expanding, and this expansion is accelerating due to the influence of dark energy, a mysterious force counteracting gravity's pull15. Key points:
Current Understanding
Mechanism
- Acceleration confirmed: Observations of distant supernovae in 1998 revealed the expansion rate is increasing, contradicting expectations of gradual slowdown24.
- Measurement: The Hubble constant (expansion rate) is estimated between 67–73 km/s/Mpc, with recent James Webb Telescope data supporting higher values (~73 km/s/Mpc), deepening the mystery of why models and observations conflict6.
Future Outlook
- Dark energy (68% of universe content) drives acceleration by creating repulsive pressure as space itself expands15.
- Scale factor: The universe's "grid" stretches over time, increasing distances between galaxies not bound by gravity13.
Expansion is expected to continue indefinitely, potentially leading to a "cold" universe where galaxies become isolated56. However, the exact nature of dark energy remains unknown, leaving open questions about its long-term effects16
1. Redshift Interpretation:
- Tired Light Theory:
Some researchers suggest that the redshift observed in distant galaxies might not be due to the expansion of space, but rather the light losing energy as it travels through space, similar to how light tires.
- Einstein's Initial Belief:
Initially, Einstein favored a static, unchanging universe and introduced the cosmological constant to his theory to accommodate that view. He later abandoned it after Hubble's observations seemed to indicate expansion.
2. Challenges to Expansion:
- Constant Surface Brightness:
Observations of galaxies show that their surface brightness remains constant with distance, which would be expected in a non-expanding universe.
- Cosmic Microwave Background:
The CMB, a key piece of evidence for the Big Bang, is interpreted by some as evidence of a universe that was once much hotter and denser, not necessarily as evidence of expansion.
- Alternative Theories:
Some researchers propose mathematical models where the universe is actually static, and the effects we interpret as expansion are due to other phenomena, such as the evolution of particle masses over time.
3. Other Considerations:
- The Infinite Universe:
Some argue that if the universe is infinite, it cannot expand because it is already everywhere.
- Finite Age vs. Expansion:
The idea that the universe has a finite age, initially suggested by Hubble's observations, doesn't necessarily imply expansion.
- Hubble's Original Claim:
Some argue that Hubble himself didn't claim the universe was expanding until the end of his life, and the claim is often misrepresented, according to one source.