in a nutshell the golden age of islamic science was the 8th to the 13th century.
1. islamic territories were expanding, coming into contact with new ideas, increasing in economic strength, which created a fertile ground for scientific discovery and the transmission and mutation of ideas of east and west along its trade routes. the end of the islamic golden age roughly coincided with mongol invasions, and subsequently loss of territories in europe, etc, which forced introspection and infighting as usually happens when the spoils of an expanding empire dry out.
2. the golden age of Islamic science was a relative occurrence, in terms of the down right dogmatic and insatiable clamp down on independent thought in europe, which happened to coincide with the receding of the christian territories. the subsequent enlightenment in Europe pretty much left any scientific competitiveness the muslim territories had for dead.
3. the term islamic golden age is a cartographic adjective, i.e. the golden age of scientific discovery in islamic territories. it has nothing specifically to do with islam, more with the two things i mentioned above. nearly all empires have a zenith, followed by a nadir which leads to eventual dissolution. scientific discoveries and economic progress tend to preceed the zenith, after which decaying empires become insular, political, paranoid. some level of scientific discoveries were still taking place in the ottoman and mughal empires, although on a much smaller scale.
so to answer ur question, as everyone was getting rich in a growing empire, no one cared, as the empires started to fall apart science came under greater scrutiny, and started getting treated as borderline heretical.
