What and when is Hajj? An illustrated guide, answers to 10 common questions

[Ball Blazer]

Hajj, the sacred pilgrimage to Mecca, is a profound spiritual journey and one of the most important acts of worship in Islam. Each year, millions of Muslims from around the world make this once-in-a-lifetime trip to fulfil a core tenet of their faith. In this comprehensive explainer, we answer 10 of the most frequently asked questions about Hajj, helping you better understand its meaning, rituals, and practices.

1. What Is Hajj and Why Is It Important?​

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, making it a fundamental act of worship for all Muslims. It is derived from the Arabic root “h-j-j”, meaning “to intend a journey” for a divine purpose. It is obligatory once in a lifetime for every Muslim who is physically and financially able. The pilgrimage represents submission to Allah (God) and commemorates the trials and obedience of Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) and his family.

2. When Does Hajj Take Place?​

Hajj is performed annually between the 8th and 12th (or 13th) of Dhul-Hijjah, the final month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The exact Gregorian dates shift each year because the Islamic calendar is based on moon phases. In 2025, Hajj is expected to occur from June 4 to June 9, though many pilgrims arrive early to prepare spiritually and physically.

3. Why Do Muslims Perform Hajj?​

The Hajj is commanded by Allah in the Quran and was reinforced during the Prophet Muhammad’s final pilgrimage in 632 AD. It serves multiple purposes: spiritual purification, seeking forgiveness, and reaffirming submission to God. The rituals retrace the steps of Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael, who built the Kaaba—Islam’s holiest site. Hajj also reminds believers of the Day of Judgement and renews their sense of humility and unity with fellow Muslims.

4. How Long Does the Hajj Last?​

Typically, the Hajj pilgrimage lasts five to six days, starting on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah and ending on the 12th or 13th. Pilgrims move from Mecca to Mina, Arafah, Muzdalifah, and back to Mina for various rites. Some complete the rituals early and leave by the 12th, while others stay for an additional day of worship.

5. What Is the Difference Between Hajj and Umrah?​

While Hajj is obligatory once in a lifetime for eligible Muslims, Umrah is a recommended and non-mandatory pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year. Umrah involves fewer rituals and does not include visiting Mina, Arafah, or Muzdalifah. However, both involve Tawaf (circumambulating the Kaaba) and Sa’i (walking between Safa and Marwa).

6. What Are the Major Rituals of Hajj?​

The key rituals of Hajj are performed in a specific sequence:

• Ihram: Entering a state of spiritual purity with special garments and intentions.
• Tawaf: Circling the Kaaba seven times.
• Sa’i: Walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa.
• Mina: Staying in tents and performing prayers.
• Arafah: The most critical day spent in supplication and reflection.
• Muzdalifah: Collecting pebbles and sleeping under the stars.
• Stoning the Devil: Symbolic rejection of evil at Jamarat.
• Qurbani: Animal sacrifice in memory of Abraham’s devotion.
• Hair cutting: Symbol of spiritual renewal.
• Final Tawaf: Farewell circumambulation of the Kaaba.

​

7. What Are the Types of Hajj?​

There are three types of Hajj, catering to different needs:

• Hajj al-Tamattu: Most common; Umrah is performed first, then Hajj, with a break between the two.
• Hajj al-Qiran: Umrah and Hajj are performed together in one state of Ihram.
• Hajj al-Ifrad: Only Hajj is performed, without Umrah, typically by local Meccans.

8. What Is Prohibited During Hajj?​

During Hajj, certain actions are forbidden, especially when in the state of Ihram. These include:

• Engaging in sexual activity or romantic gestures
• Arguing or using foul language
• Cutting hair or nails
• Wearing stitched clothes (for men)
• Using perfume or scented products
• Hunting or killing animals
• Covering the face (for women) or head (for men)

If a pilgrim violates these rules, they must repent and may need to give charity or offer a sacrifice as compensation.

​

9. What Should Pilgrims Pack for Hajj?​

A well-thought-out Hajj packing list includes:

• Ihram garments (for men)
• Modest clothing (for women)
• Comfortable shoes and sandals
• Personal hygiene items (unscented)
• Medications and first-aid kit
• Reusable water bottles and snacks
• Important documents: ID, Hajj permit, passport
• Umbrella, sunscreen, and prayer mat

It’s important to pack light but ensure you have essentials for comfort and hygiene during the journey.

10. How Do Muslims Celebrate the End of Hajj?​

Hajj concludes with Eid al-Adha, celebrated on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah. Muslims worldwide mark this occasion with a special congregational prayer, animal sacrifice (qurbani), and distributing meat to the poor. Pilgrims perform a final Tawaf—Tawaf al-Wada—before departing Mecca, bidding farewell to the sacred city.

When Will Eid al-Adha 2025 Be Celebrated?
Eid ul-Adha is a public holiday in Muslim countries. In 2025, Eid ul-Adha will begin on the evening of Friday 6 June and end on the evening of Tuesday 10 June.

 

[The Bald Eagle]

The federal government on Monday announced a four-day public holiday on the festive occasion of Eidul Azha.

According to a notification issued by the Cabinet Division, the government has declared a public holiday from June 6-9, 2025 (Friday to Monday).

“The prime minister has been pleased to declare the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th (Friday to Monday) as public holidays on the occasion of Eidul Azha,” the statement said.

Pakistan would observe Eidul Azha on June 7, the moon sighting Central Ruet-i-Hilal Committee (RHC) announced last month after the crescent for the month of Zilhaj was not sighted.

The committee’s meeting took place on a roof in Islamabad’s Kohsar Block, where the religious affairs ministry has its office.

Addressing a press conference, RHC Chairman Maulana Abdul Khabeer Azad said, “No testimony of sighting the moon of the month of Zilhaj was received from any part of Pakistan […]. Therefore, it was decided with consensus that Zilhaj 1, 1446AH would be on May 29, Thursday and Eidul Azha would be observed on June 7, Saturday.”

He noted that the weather remained cloudy in most parts of the country and clear in some.

Maulana Azad presided over the meeting of the RHC with officials and experts from other departments also gathered to see the moon. Simultaneous zonal meetings of the RHC also took place at their respective headquarters in the provincial capitals to send testimonies.

Dr Mohammad Hasan Ali, director of the Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics at the Pakistan Meteorological Department; Shaukatullah Khan of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco); and Zainul Abedin from the science and tech ministry were among those present during the meeting.

Celebrated on the 10th of Zilhaj, Eidul Azha marks the culmination of Haj, one of the five pillars of Islam.

Source: The Express Tribune

 

[Bewal Express]

May Allah give every single one of us the chance to go to Hajj one day.

One of the most beautiful things about Hajj is how it brings people together from all over the world. On my Hajj, I met and got to know people from so many different places — amazing BDs, Indians, Sri Lankans, Arabs, Pakistanis from Pakistan, the UK and the US, Korean Americans, Chinese Muslims, Russians from Tatarstan, and Africans from all over the continent.

It really opened my eyes. Different languages, different cultures, but all standing together for the same purpose. Hajj truly shows how Islam unites us.

 

[Suleiman]

May Allah give every single one of us the chance to go to Hajj one day.

One of the most beautiful things about Hajj is how it brings people together from all over the world. On my Hajj, I met and got to know people from so many different places — amazing BDs, Indians, Sri Lankans, Arabs, Pakistanis from Pakistan, the UK and the US, Korean Americans, Chinese Muslims, Russians from Tatarstan, and Africans from all over the continent.

It really opened my eyes. Different languages, different cultures, but all standing together for the same purpose. Hajj truly shows how Islam unites us.

Ameen. It is a mesmerizing experience. In Sha Allah while all of us have strength in our body and may that strength last throughout our entire life as well, Ameen.

When I finally get the chance to go, getting to Arafat will be an emotional moment for sure remembering the last sermon Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings upon him delivered there.

I’ve gone for umrah but Hajj is still to be done.

 

[LordJames]

May Allah give every single one of us the chance to go to Hajj one day.

One of the most beautiful things about Hajj is how it brings people together from all over the world. On my Hajj, I met and got to know people from so many different places — amazing BDs, Indians, Sri Lankans, Arabs, Pakistanis from Pakistan, the UK and the US, Korean Americans, Chinese Muslims, Russians from Tatarstan, and Africans from all over the continent.

It really opened my eyes. Different languages, different cultures, but all standing together for the same purpose. Hajj truly shows how Islam unites us.

Hajj experience of a professional Fighter:

This brother is also a Security consultant in the US, and I heard this from a person who he told the story to a few years ago.

African American brother is around 6’5”, professional fighter and in the prime of his fitness accepted Islam, someone told him about Hajj so within a few months he decided to go for Hajj.

He did Tawaf and then came out in the hot baking sun to buy water, since there is no queue system everyone kept cutting in front of him and he patiently waited until he was physically parched and then his turn came to get his cold bottle of water.

But before he could grab the water, someone said in a deep voice “Asslamo Allaikum..” physically picked him up and put him on the side and away from the counter.

He said, “I wanted to turn around and knock the guy out!” but then a second sensible thought went in my head that I am 6’5” and whoever has just picked me up like a doll and tossed me aside must be a “bad mother…”

He turned around and looked at the other guy who had taken the water and was about to take a sip. The other guy towered a good foot over him, his complexion was so dark it was blueish and he said something in a foreign language which was understood to be “What do you want?”

The brother said instinctively in English “You go ahead Bro, you seem to be more thirsty than me”...

He said, “Allah cured my arrogance about my size during Hajj!”

@Greenstorm @ElRaja @Stewie @The Bald Eagle @Suleiman @Ball Blazer

 

[Ball Blazer]

After last year’s devastating heatwave, ensuring pilgrim safety has become a top priority for Saudi Arabia during this year's Hajj pilgrimage. In 2024, temperatures reached 52°C in Mecca and 46°C in Mina, leading to thousands of hospitalisations and hundreds of fatalities, especially pilgrims from India, Egypt and other parts of the MENA region. With rising temperatures linked to climate change, the region is becoming hotter and more dangerous. In response, Saudi authorities have introduced several measures for Hajj 2025, including cooled pedestrian walkways in Mecca, expanded cooled roads in Arafat, and flexible rubber roads for added comfort, especially for older pilgrims.

Over 84,000sq m of roads now use recycled materials that lower surface temperatures by up to 12°C. A green corridor with trees, mist systems, and water fountains has also been created to improve air quality. Pilgrims will have access to air-conditioned tents, cold water stations, and heat-monitoring devices to manage extreme heat. They’re advised to stay hydrated, wear light clothing, avoid outdoor exposure from 11am to 4pm, and take breaks in cool, shaded areas. With soaring temperatures and a changing climate, safety during Hajj has never been more critical. The steps taken this year show progress, but awareness, responsibility, and preparation remain key.

Source: https://www.newarab.com/video/hajj-2025-will-saudi-arabia-avoid-heat-catastrophe-year

 

[Ball Blazer]

Hajj 2025: How Saudi Arabia harnesses AI to transform pilgrim experience in 35 languages

More than two million Muslim pilgrims from 180 nations converged in Mecca for the Hajj 2025 beginning Wednesday, 4 June.

Authorities in Saudi Arabia have placed cutting-edge AI translation tools at the core of a pilgrimage built on clarity, access, and spiritual depth to assist the pilgrims during what is often referred to as world’s largest gathering of people, according to the The General Authority for the Care of two Holy Mosques – Kaaba in Mecca and Prophet's Mohammed's Mosque in Medina.

One of the most powerful examples will be displayed during the Arafat sermon, a central and emotionally resonant moment of Hajj. On Thursday, 5 June, pilgrims will gather at Mount Arafat, on the outskirts of Mecca, where it is believed Mohammed, Islam’s last prophet, delivered his final sermon.

Tens of thousands of pilgrims are expected to assemble on the 70-metre (230-foot) high hill and its surrounding plain for hours of prayers and Quran recitals, staying there until the evening on Thursday in one of the most important Hajj rituals.

This year, the Arafat sermon will be translated and transmitted live in real time into 35 languages, allowing millions around the world—and every pilgrim on the ground—to hear the message of unity, compassion, and faith in their own language, the statement said.

“Enabled by advanced AI systems under, this global broadcast exemplifies how technology and tradition can harmonise to elevate spiritual experience,” the statement said.

Translation Initiatives

Among other measures, through initiatives like ‘Smart Hajj’ and the ‘In their languages’ programme, Saudi Arabia has embedded multilingual support into nearly every touchpoint of the pilgrimage.

Pilgrims can now use the Nusuk App—available in multiple languages —to navigate their journey. Its AI-powered Personal Assistant delivers real-time voice translation, allowing users to ask for help.

Manara, a voice-activated robot, offers religious guidance in 11 languages, answering common questions with clarity and cultural sensitivity. On the ground, field teams use AI-powered devices that understand both speech and images—enabling quick, precise communication in each pilgrim’s native language.

“These tools don’t just make things easier—they help every pilgrim feel understood, included, and supported in real time,” the statement said.

Translated copies are widely distributed across the Grand Mosque or Kaaba in Mecca, allowing pilgrims to reflect on sacred verses in their own languages. In these most sacred spaces, worship becomes deeply personal and universally accessible.

“In urgent situations—whether medical emergencies or crowd management—AI-powered translation is proving to be more than just helpful; it can be life-saving. Instant, accurate communication across dozens of languages is essential to maintaining safety and order during one of the world’s most densely populated religious gatherings,” read the statement.

The Hajj is a must for those Muslims who can afford the travel costs to Saudi Arabia from their home countries. The Hajj pilgrimage is held annually between the 8th and 13th days of Zil-Hajj, the 12th and final month on the Islamic lunar calendar. This year, the corresponding Gregorian calendar dates of Hajj 2025 in Saudi Arabia are between 4 June and 8 June.

The annual pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city of Islam in Saudi Arabia, which houses the Kaaba, Islam's holiest site, is performed during a particular period.

“What was once a logistical challenge is now an opportunity to deepen spiritual connection. In bridging languages, the Kingdom is also bridging hearts. Through thoughtful innovation, Hajj is not only more accessible—it’s more connected, more human, and more spiritually alive than ever before,” the statement said.

Source: https://www.livemint.com/news/india...-mecca-medina-eid-al-adha-11749049647493.html

 

[Ball Blazer]

Hajj Rituals Begin as Pilgrims Arrive in Mina​

The sacred rituals of Hajj 1446 AH / 2025 have officially begun, with hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from inside and outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia making their way to the valley of Mina in organized phases starting Tuesday night. Pilgrims departed from Makkah in caravans, either by bus or via the Mashair Train network.

Day of Tarwiyah Observed in Mina

On 8th Dhul Hijjah, known as Yawm al-Tarwiyah, pilgrims will spend the entire day in Mina, offering five daily prayers and preparing spiritually for the main rites ahead. Late at night, they will move onwards to the plains of Arafat, the most important phase of Hajj.

Efficient Logistics and Security in Place

Saudi authorities have made exemplary arrangements in Mina. Entry points into Mina are tightly secured with multiple security checkpoints, ensuring the safe flow of pilgrims. The Municipality has completed comprehensive cleaning operations across the massive tent city.

Cooling Measures for Harsh Weather

Given the high temperatures, the administration has implemented special measures to cool down the environment, including the installation of water misting systems at various locations across the holy sites.

Scouts Mobilized for Assistance

Hundreds of scout volunteers have been deployed throughout Mina and other sacred sites to guide and welcome “Guests of Allah.” The scouts have been equipped with location-specific knowledge to help any pilgrim who might get separated from their tent or group.

Source: https://munsifdaily.com/hajj-rituals-begin-as-pilgrims-arrive-in-mina/

 

[BouncerGuy]

‘Very blessed’: Muslim pilgrims pray at Mount Arafat in Haj apex

Muslim pilgrims prayed atop Mount Arafat on Thursday during the high point of the annual Haj pilgrimage, as Saudi officials called on participants to refrain from being outside during the hottest hours of the day.

Thousands of pilgrims began to gather before dawn around the hill and the surrounding plain where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is believed to have given his last sermon.

While some arrived early to take advantage of the relatively cool morning, carrying colourful umbrellas, many pilgrims will remain for hours of prayers and Holy Quran recitals until the evening in the most arduous portion of Haj.

After sunset, they will head to Muzdalifah, halfway between Arafat and the sprawling tent city of Mina, where they will gather pebbles so they can perform the symbolic “stoning of the devil”.

“This is something that I used to see every year on the TV screen during Haj and I always thought: ‘I wish I could be here’,” said 33-year-old Ali from Pakistan, one of 1.5 million pilgrims who had arrived in Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage.

“I’ve been trying to get here… for the past 3 years,” he added as he gazed at the mount. “I feel very blessed.”

Hundreds of pilgrims dressed in white dotted the mount itself, with many more at its foot praying or taking pictures.

Earlier this week, Saudi authorities called on pilgrims to stay inside their tents between 10am and 4pm (12pm and 6pm PKT) and on Thursday, when the desert sun is at its harshest.

Fans spraying mist and providing cool air were dispersed at the foot of the mount.

Temperatures this year have already exceeded 40 degrees Celsius as one of the world’s largest annual religious gatherings, bringing together devotees from around the globe, kicked off earlier this week.

Officials have beefed up heat mitigation efforts, aiming to avoid a repeat of last year’s Haj, which saw 1,301 pilgrims die as temperatures reached 51.8C.

“I came here early to [avoid] the sun and later I will pray inside my tent,” said 54-year-old Adel Ismail, from Syria.

To make this year’s pilgrimage safer, authorities have expanded infrastructure, deployed thousands of extra personnel and relied on an arsenal of high-tech tools to help better manage crowds.

Authorities have mobilised more than 40 government agencies and 250,000 officials, doubling their efforts against heat-related illness following the lethal heatwave of 2024.

Shaded areas have been expanded by 50,000 square metres, thousands more medics will be on standby, and more than 400 cooling units will be deployed, the Haj minister has told AFP.

Through tears of joy, Iman Abdel Khaleq said she had wanted to perform Haj for 10 years and was overwhelmed with emotion as she arrived at Arafat.

“It’s a big dream for me that I had almost given up hope of realising,” the woman in her fifties told AFP from the foot of the mount.

Authorities said a majority of the deaths in 2024 were among unregistered pilgrims who lacked access to amenities like air-conditioned tents and buses.

This year, they have also cracked down on unregistered pilgrims looking to sneak into Makkah, relying on frequent raids, drone surveillance and a barrage of text alerts.

Haj permits are allocated to countries on a quota basis and distributed to individuals by a lottery.

But even for those who can obtain them, the steep costs prompt many to attempt Haj without a permit, even though they risk arrest and deportation if caught.

Saudi Arabia earns billions of dollars a year from Haj, and Umrah, which is undertaken at other times of the year.

‘Very blessed’: Muslim pilgrims pray at Mount Arafat in Haj apex

“I’ve been trying to get here… for the past 3 years,” says Ali from Pakistan.

www.dawn.com

 

[Cricket Warrior]

Nothing can be more beautiful than this view... Hajj Mubarak everyone!

https://twitter.com/x/status/1930269305242882333

 

[The Bald Eagle]

https://twitter.com/x/status/1930771248197279891